From 4-9 September 2018, UN climate change negotiations will convene in Bangkok, Thailand. This additional Bangkok session was scheduled following slow progress in negotiations in Bonn, Germany earlier this year.

It represents the last opportunity for countries to come together to develop the rules and processes to operationalise the Paris Agreement before COP24 in Katowice in December, when these guidelines are due to be finalised. Chair of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Group, Gebru Jember Endalew, said: "This additional Bangkok session will be critical to the delivery of a robust, balanced and comprehensive set of implementation guidelines for the Paris Agreement at COP24. Negotiators have one week in Bangkok before Katowice; time to develop these rules is running out and there remains a lot of work to be done.

A last-minute rush in Katowice must be avoided so that the voices of poor and vulnerable countries are fully heard." In Bangkok, negotiators will be working from recently published 'tools', which present the various options that have been put forward by countries. Negotiators will need to narrow down these options to enable textual negotiations and finalisation of the Paris Agreement guidelines at COP24. Mr Endalew said: "I hope all Parties to come to Bangkok ready to engage constructively on the tools, and to take part in meaningful discussion.

The effectiveness of the Paris Agreement and the achievement of the 1.5°C goal and other global goals depends on the robustness of the guidelines and procedures that are developed to bring the Agreement to life." "In negotiating these outcomes, countries must not lose sight of the big picture. The past months have seen changing rainfall patterns in Africa and heatwaves across much of the Northern Hemisphere. Attribution science tells us these are the impacts of climate change and they will only continue to intensify if immediate action is not taken.

The Paris Agreement guidelines developed this year must be guidelines that will put us on a pathway to limit warming to 1.5°C, build resilience and protect communities across the world. Recent research confirms that any more warming than this will have catastrophic flow on effects, and this is particularly true for LDCs." Of particular importance to the LDC Group is the issue of climate finance, for which little progress was made at the negotiations in Bonn in May 2018. On climate finance, Mr Endalew said: "Climate finance enables LDCs and other developing countries to avoid repeating a history of high-carbon development pathways, and to protect communities against the dire consequences of a climate crisis they did little to cause. Trillions of dollars need to be delivered to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement.

Deciding rules to ensure predictability of funds will also be key to developing countries planning effectively for climate action." On the 2018 Talanoa Dialogue, which continues in its preparatory phase, Mr. Endalew said: "The Talanoa Dialogue must build to a strong conclusion at COP24 that drives increased ambition and support, as well as enhanced national action and pledges, to put us on track to limiting warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The LDCs know that the only way to achieve the 1.5°C temperature goal is through all countries taking on their fair share of the collective action required to bridge the gap in ambition. Those countries with greater capacity and responsibility need to step up."